Ruby 中介者模式讲解和代码示例

中介者是一种行为设计模式，让程序组件通过特殊的中介者对象进行间接沟通，达到减少组件之间依赖关系的目的。

中介者能使得程序更易于修改和扩展，而且能更方便地对独立的组件进行复用，因为它们不再依赖于很多其他的类。

进一步了解中介者模式

复杂度：

流行度：

使用示例： 中介者模式在 Ruby 代码中最常用于帮助程序 GUI 组件之间的通信。在 MVC 模式中，控制器是中介者的同义词。

概念示例

本例说明了中介者设计模式的结构并重点回答了下面的问题：

它由哪些类组成？
这些类扮演了哪些角色？
模式中的各个元素会以何种方式相互关联？

main.rb: 概念示例

# The Mediator interface declares a method used by components to notify the
# mediator about various events. The Mediator may react to these events and pass
# the execution to other components.
class Mediator
  # @abstract
  #
  # @param [Object] sender
  # @param [String] event
  def notify(_sender, _event)
    raise NotImplementedError, "#{self.class} has not implemented method '#{__method__}'"
  end
end

class ConcreteMediator < Mediator
  # @param [Component1] component1
  # @param [Component2] component2
  def initialize(component1, component2)
    @component1 = component1
    @component1.mediator = self
    @component2 = component2
    @component2.mediator = self
  end

  # @param [Object] sender
  # @param [String] event
  def notify(_sender, event)
    if event == 'A'
      puts 'Mediator reacts on A and triggers following operations:'
      @component2.do_c
    elsif event == 'D'
      puts 'Mediator reacts on D and triggers following operations:'
      @component1.do_b
      @component2.do_c
    end
  end
end

# The Base Component provides the basic functionality of storing a mediator's
# instance inside component objects.
class BaseComponent
  # @return [Mediator]
  attr_accessor :mediator

  # @param [Mediator] mediator
  def initialize(mediator = nil)
    @mediator = mediator
  end
end

# Concrete Components implement various functionality. They don't depend on
# other components. They also don't depend on any concrete mediator classes.
class Component1 < BaseComponent
  def do_a
    puts 'Component 1 does A.'
    @mediator.notify(self, 'A')
  end

  def do_b
    puts 'Component 1 does B.'
    @mediator.notify(self, 'B')
  end
end

class Component2 < BaseComponent
  def do_c
    puts 'Component 2 does C.'
    @mediator.notify(self, 'C')
  end

  def do_d
    puts 'Component 2 does D.'
    @mediator.notify(self, 'D')
  end
end

# The client code.
c1 = Component1.new
c2 = Component2.new
ConcreteMediator.new(c1, c2)

puts 'Client triggers operation A.'
c1.do_a

puts "\n"

puts 'Client triggers operation D.'
c2.do_d

output.txt: 执行结果

Client triggers operation A.
Component 1 does A.
Mediator reacts on A and triggers following operations:
Component 2 does C.

Client triggers operation D.
Component 2 does D.
Mediator reacts on D and triggers following operations:
Component 1 does B.
Component 2 does C.

Ruby 中介者模式讲解和代码示例

概念示例

main.rb: 概念示例

output.txt: 执行结果

中介者在其他编程语言中的实现