C# 策略模式讲解和代码示例

策略是一种行为设计模式，它将一组行为转换为对象，并使其在原始上下文对象内部能够相互替换。

原始对象被称为上下文，它包含指向策略对象的引用并将执行行为的任务分派给策略对象。为了改变上下文完成其工作的方式，其他对象可以使用另一个对象来替换当前链接的策略对象。

进一步了解策略模式

复杂度：

流行度：

使用示例： 策略模式在 C# 代码中很常见。它经常在各种框架中使用，能在不扩展类的情况下向用户提供改变其行为的方式。

识别方法： 策略模式可以通过允许嵌套对象完成实际工作的方法以及允许将该对象替换为不同对象的设置器来识别。

概念示例

本例说明了策略设计模式的结构并重点回答了下面的问题：

它由哪些类组成？
这些类扮演了哪些角色？
模式中的各个元素会以何种方式相互关联？

Program.cs: 概念示例

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;

namespace RefactoringGuru.DesignPatterns.Strategy.Conceptual
{
    // The Context defines the interface of interest to clients.
    class Context
    {
        // The Context maintains a reference to one of the Strategy objects. The
        // Context does not know the concrete class of a strategy. It should
        // work with all strategies via the Strategy interface.
        private IStrategy _strategy;

        public Context()
        { }

        // Usually, the Context accepts a strategy through the constructor, but
        // also provides a setter to change it at runtime.
        public Context(IStrategy strategy)
        {
            this._strategy = strategy;
        }

        // Usually, the Context allows replacing a Strategy object at runtime.
        public void SetStrategy(IStrategy strategy)
        {
            this._strategy = strategy;
        }

        // The Context delegates some work to the Strategy object instead of
        // implementing multiple versions of the algorithm on its own.
        public void DoSomeBusinessLogic()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Context: Sorting data using the strategy (not sure how it'll do it)");
            var result = this._strategy.DoAlgorithm(new List<string> { "a", "b", "c", "d", "e" });

            string resultStr = string.Empty;
            foreach (var element in result as List<string>)
            {
                resultStr += element + ",";
            }

            Console.WriteLine(resultStr);
        }
    }

    // The Strategy interface declares operations common to all supported
    // versions of some algorithm.
    //
    // The Context uses this interface to call the algorithm defined by Concrete
    // Strategies.
    public interface IStrategy
    {
        object DoAlgorithm(object data);
    }

    // Concrete Strategies implement the algorithm while following the base
    // Strategy interface. The interface makes them interchangeable in the
    // Context.
    class ConcreteStrategyA : IStrategy
    {
        public object DoAlgorithm(object data)
        {
            var list = data as List<string>;
            list.Sort();

            return list;
        }
    }

    class ConcreteStrategyB : IStrategy
    {
        public object DoAlgorithm(object data)
        {
            var list = data as List<string>;
            list.Sort();
            list.Reverse();

            return list;
        }
    }

    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            // The client code picks a concrete strategy and passes it to the
            // context. The client should be aware of the differences between
            // strategies in order to make the right choice.
            var context = new Context();

            Console.WriteLine("Client: Strategy is set to normal sorting.");
            context.SetStrategy(new ConcreteStrategyA());
            context.DoSomeBusinessLogic();
            
            Console.WriteLine();
            
            Console.WriteLine("Client: Strategy is set to reverse sorting.");
            context.SetStrategy(new ConcreteStrategyB());
            context.DoSomeBusinessLogic();
        }
    }
}

Output.txt: 执行结果

Client: Strategy is set to normal sorting.
Context: Sorting data using the strategy (not sure how it'll do it)
a,b,c,d,e

Client: Strategy is set to reverse sorting.
Context: Sorting data using the strategy (not sure how it'll do it)
e,d,c,b,a

C# 策略模式讲解和代码示例

概念示例

Program.cs: 概念示例

Output.txt: 执行结果

策略在其他编程语言中的实现