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命令

C# 命令模式讲解和代码示例

命令是一种行为设计模式 它可将请求或简单操作转换为一个对象

此类转换让你能够延迟进行或远程执行请求 还可将其放入队列中

复杂度

流行度

使用示例 命令模式在 C# 代码中很常见 大部分情况下 它被用于代替包含行为的参数化 UI 元素的回调函数 此外还被用于对任务进行排序和记录操作历史记录等

识别方法 命令模式可以通过抽象或接口类型 发送者 中的行为方法来识别 该类型调用另一个不同的抽象或接口类型 接收者 实现中的方法 该实现则是在创建时由命令模式的实现封装 命令类通常仅限于一些特殊行为

概念示例

本例说明了命令设计模式的结构并重点回答了下面的问题

  • 它由哪些类组成
  • 这些类扮演了哪些角色
  • 模式中的各个元素会以何种方式相互关联

Program.cs: 概念示例

using System;

namespace RefactoringGuru.DesignPatterns.Command.Conceptual
{
    // The Command interface declares a method for executing a command.
    public interface ICommand
    {
        void Execute();
    }

    // Some commands can implement simple operations on their own.
    class SimpleCommand : ICommand
    {
        private string _payload = string.Empty;

        public SimpleCommand(string payload)
        {
            this._payload = payload;
        }

        public void Execute()
        {
            Console.WriteLine($"SimpleCommand: See, I can do simple things like printing ({this._payload})");
        }
    }

    // However, some commands can delegate more complex operations to other
    // objects, called "receivers."
    class ComplexCommand : ICommand
    {
        private Receiver _receiver;

        // Context data, required for launching the receiver's methods.
        private string _a;

        private string _b;

        // Complex commands can accept one or several receiver objects along
        // with any context data via the constructor.
        public ComplexCommand(Receiver receiver, string a, string b)
        {
            this._receiver = receiver;
            this._a = a;
            this._b = b;
        }

        // Commands can delegate to any methods of a receiver.
        public void Execute()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("ComplexCommand: Complex stuff should be done by a receiver object.");
            this._receiver.DoSomething(this._a);
            this._receiver.DoSomethingElse(this._b);
        }
    }

    // The Receiver classes contain some important business logic. They know how
    // to perform all kinds of operations, associated with carrying out a
    // request. In fact, any class may serve as a Receiver.
    class Receiver
    {
        public void DoSomething(string a)
        {
            Console.WriteLine($"Receiver: Working on ({a}.)");
        }

        public void DoSomethingElse(string b)
        {
            Console.WriteLine($"Receiver: Also working on ({b}.)");
        }
    }

    // The Invoker is associated with one or several commands. It sends a
    // request to the command.
    class Invoker
    {
        private ICommand _onStart;

        private ICommand _onFinish;

        // Initialize commands.
        public void SetOnStart(ICommand command)
        {
            this._onStart = command;
        }

        public void SetOnFinish(ICommand command)
        {
            this._onFinish = command;
        }

        // The Invoker does not depend on concrete command or receiver classes.
        // The Invoker passes a request to a receiver indirectly, by executing a
        // command.
        public void DoSomethingImportant()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Invoker: Does anybody want something done before I begin?");
            if (this._onStart is ICommand)
            {
                this._onStart.Execute();
            }
            
            Console.WriteLine("Invoker: ...doing something really important...");
            
            Console.WriteLine("Invoker: Does anybody want something done after I finish?");
            if (this._onFinish is ICommand)
            {
                this._onFinish.Execute();
            }
        }
    }

    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            // The client code can parameterize an invoker with any commands.
            Invoker invoker = new Invoker();
            invoker.SetOnStart(new SimpleCommand("Say Hi!"));
            Receiver receiver = new Receiver();
            invoker.SetOnFinish(new ComplexCommand(receiver, "Send email", "Save report"));

            invoker.DoSomethingImportant();
        }
    }
}

Output.txt: 执行结果

Invoker: Does anybody want something done before I begin?
SimpleCommand: See, I can do simple things like printing (Say Hi!)
Invoker: ...doing something really important...
Invoker: Does anybody want something done after I finish?
ComplexCommand: Complex stuff should be done by a receiver object.
Receiver: Working on (Send email.)
Receiver: Also working on (Save report.)

命令在其他编程语言中的实现

C++ 命令模式讲解和代码示例 Go 命令模式讲解和代码示例 Java 命令模式讲解和代码示例 PHP 命令模式讲解和代码示例 Python 命令模式讲解和代码示例 Ruby 命令模式讲解和代码示例 Rust 命令模式讲解和代码示例 Swift 命令模式讲解和代码示例 TypeScript 命令模式讲解和代码示例