TypeScript 命令模式讲解和代码示例
命令是一种行为设计模式， 它可将请求或简单操作转换为一个对象。
此类转换让你能够延迟进行或远程执行请求， 还可将其放入队列中。
复杂度：
流行度：
使用示例： 命令模式在 TypeScript 代码中很常见。 大部分情况下， 它被用于代替包含行为的参数化 UI 元素的回调函数， 此外还被用于对任务进行排序和记录操作历史记录等。
识别方法： 命令模式可以通过抽象或接口类型 （发送者） 中的行为方法来识别， 该类型调用另一个不同的抽象或接口类型 （接收者） 实现中的方法， 该实现则是在创建时由命令模式的实现封装。 命令类通常仅限于一些特殊行为。
概念示例
本例说明了命令设计模式的结构并重点回答了下面的问题：
- 它由哪些类组成？
- 这些类扮演了哪些角色？
- 模式中的各个元素会以何种方式相互关联？
index.ts: 概念示例
/**
* The Command interface declares a method for executing a command.
*/
interface Command {
execute(): void;
}
/**
* Some commands can implement simple operations on their own.
*/
class SimpleCommand implements Command {
private payload: string;
constructor(payload: string) {
this.payload = payload;
}
public execute(): void {
console.log(`SimpleCommand: See, I can do simple things like printing (${this.payload})`);
}
}
/**
* However, some commands can delegate more complex operations to other objects,
* called "receivers."
*/
class ComplexCommand implements Command {
private receiver: Receiver;
/**
* Context data, required for launching the receiver's methods.
*/
private a: string;
private b: string;
/**
* Complex commands can accept one or several receiver objects along with
* any context data via the constructor.
*/
constructor(receiver: Receiver, a: string, b: string) {
this.receiver = receiver;
this.a = a;
this.b = b;
}
/**
* Commands can delegate to any methods of a receiver.
*/
public execute(): void {
console.log('ComplexCommand: Complex stuff should be done by a receiver object.');
this.receiver.doSomething(this.a);
this.receiver.doSomethingElse(this.b);
}
}
/**
* The Receiver classes contain some important business logic. They know how to
* perform all kinds of operations, associated with carrying out a request. In
* fact, any class may serve as a Receiver.
*/
class Receiver {
public doSomething(a: string): void {
console.log(`Receiver: Working on (${a}.)`);
}
public doSomethingElse(b: string): void {
console.log(`Receiver: Also working on (${b}.)`);
}
}
/**
* The Invoker is associated with one or several commands. It sends a request to
* the command.
*/
class Invoker {
private onStart: Command;
private onFinish: Command;
/**
* Initialize commands.
*/
public setOnStart(command: Command): void {
this.onStart = command;
}
public setOnFinish(command: Command): void {
this.onFinish = command;
}
/**
* The Invoker does not depend on concrete command or receiver classes. The
* Invoker passes a request to a receiver indirectly, by executing a
* command.
*/
public doSomethingImportant(): void {
console.log('Invoker: Does anybody want something done before I begin?');
if (this.isCommand(this.onStart)) {
this.onStart.execute();
}
console.log('Invoker: ...doing something really important...');
console.log('Invoker: Does anybody want something done after I finish?');
if (this.isCommand(this.onFinish)) {
this.onFinish.execute();
}
}
private isCommand(object): object is Command {
return object.execute !== undefined;
}
}
/**
* The client code can parameterize an invoker with any commands.
*/
const invoker = new Invoker();
invoker.setOnStart(new SimpleCommand('Say Hi!'));
const receiver = new Receiver();
invoker.setOnFinish(new ComplexCommand(receiver, 'Send email', 'Save report'));
invoker.doSomethingImportant();
Output.txt: 执行结果
Invoker: Does anybody want something done before I begin?
SimpleCommand: See, I can do simple things like printing (Say Hi!)
Invoker: ...doing something really important...
Invoker: Does anybody want something done after I finish?
ComplexCommand: Complex stuff should be done by a receiver object.
Receiver: Working on (Send email.)
Receiver: Also working on (Save report.)
