Swift 工厂方法模式讲解和代码示例

import XCTest

/// The Creator protocol declares the factory method that's supposed to return a
/// new object of a Product class. The Creator's subclasses usually provide the
/// implementation of this method.
protocol Creator {

    /// Note that the Creator may also provide some default implementation of
    /// the factory method.
    func factoryMethod() -> Product

    /// Also note that, despite its name, the Creator's primary responsibility
    /// is not creating products. Usually, it contains some core business logic
    /// that relies on Product objects, returned by the factory method.
    /// Subclasses can indirectly change that business logic by overriding the
    /// factory method and returning a different type of product from it.
    func someOperation() -> String
}

/// This extension implements the default behavior of the Creator. This behavior
/// can be overridden in subclasses.
extension Creator {

    func someOperation() -> String {
        // Call the factory method to create a Product object.
        let product = factoryMethod()

        // Now, use the product.
        return "Creator: The same creator's code has just worked with " + product.operation()
    }
}

/// Concrete Creators override the factory method in order to change the
/// resulting product's type.
class ConcreteCreator1: Creator {

    /// Note that the signature of the method still uses the abstract product
    /// type, even though the concrete product is actually returned from the
    /// method. This way the Creator can stay independent of concrete product
    /// classes.
    public func factoryMethod() -> Product {
        return ConcreteProduct1()
    }
}

class ConcreteCreator2: Creator {

    public func factoryMethod() -> Product {
        return ConcreteProduct2()
    }
}

/// The Product protocol declares the operations that all concrete products must
/// implement.
protocol Product {

    func operation() -> String
}

/// Concrete Products provide various implementations of the Product protocol.
class ConcreteProduct1: Product {

    func operation() -> String {
        return "{Result of the ConcreteProduct1}"
    }
}

class ConcreteProduct2: Product {

    func operation() -> String {
        return "{Result of the ConcreteProduct2}"
    }
}


/// The client code works with an instance of a concrete creator, albeit through
/// its base protocol. As long as the client keeps working with the creator via
/// the base protocol, you can pass it any creator's subclass.
class Client {
    // ...
    static func someClientCode(creator: Creator) {
        print("Client: I'm not aware of the creator's class, but it still works.\n"
            + creator.someOperation())
    }
    // ...
}

/// Let's see how it all works together.
class FactoryMethodConceptual: XCTestCase {

    func testFactoryMethodConceptual() {

        /// The Application picks a creator's type depending on the
        /// configuration or environment.

        print("App: Launched with the ConcreteCreator1.")
        Client.someClientCode(creator: ConcreteCreator1())

        print("\nApp: Launched with the ConcreteCreator2.")
        Client.someClientCode(creator: ConcreteCreator2())
    }
}

App: Launched with the ConcreteCreator1.
Client: I'm not aware of the creator's class, but it still works.
Creator: The same creator's code has just worked with {Result of the ConcreteProduct1}

App: Launched with the ConcreteCreator2.
Client: I'm not aware of the creator's class, but it still works.
Creator: The same creator's code has just worked with {Result of the ConcreteProduct2}