TypeScript 原型模式讲解和代码示例
原型是一种创建型设计模式， 使你能够复制对象， 甚至是复杂对象， 而又无需使代码依赖它们所属的类。
所有的原型类都必须有一个通用的接口， 使得即使在对象所属的具体类未知的情况下也能复制对象。 原型对象可以生成自身的完整副本， 因为相同类的对象可以相互访问对方的私有成员变量。
复杂度：
流行度：
使用示例： TypeScript 的 Cloneable （克隆） 接口就是立即可用的原型模式。
识别方法： 原型可以简单地通过 clone或 copy等方法来识别。
概念示例
本例说明了原型设计模式的结构并重点回答了下面的问题：
- 它由哪些类组成？
- 这些类扮演了哪些角色？
- 模式中的各个元素会以何种方式相互关联？
index.ts: 概念示例
/**
* The example class that has cloning ability. We'll see how the values of field
* with different types will be cloned.
*/
class Prototype {
public primitive: any;
public component: object;
public circularReference: ComponentWithBackReference;
public clone(): this {
const clone = Object.create(this);
clone.component = Object.create(this.component);
// Cloning an object that has a nested object with backreference
// requires special treatment. After the cloning is completed, the
// nested object should point to the cloned object, instead of the
// original object. Spread operator can be handy for this case.
clone.circularReference = {
...this.circularReference,
prototype: { ...this },
};
return clone;
}
}
class ComponentWithBackReference {
public prototype;
constructor(prototype: Prototype) {
this.prototype = prototype;
}
}
/**
* The client code.
*/
function clientCode() {
const p1 = new Prototype();
p1.primitive = 245;
p1.component = new Date();
p1.circularReference = new ComponentWithBackReference(p1);
const p2 = p1.clone();
if (p1.primitive === p2.primitive) {
console.log('Primitive field values have been carried over to a clone. Yay!');
} else {
console.log('Primitive field values have not been copied. Booo!');
}
if (p1.component === p2.component) {
console.log('Simple component has not been cloned. Booo!');
} else {
console.log('Simple component has been cloned. Yay!');
}
if (p1.circularReference === p2.circularReference) {
console.log('Component with back reference has not been cloned. Booo!');
} else {
console.log('Component with back reference has been cloned. Yay!');
}
if (p1.circularReference.prototype === p2.circularReference.prototype) {
console.log('Component with back reference is linked to original object. Booo!');
} else {
console.log('Component with back reference is linked to the clone. Yay!');
}
}
clientCode();
Output.txt: 执行结果
Primitive field values have been carried over to a clone. Yay!
Simple component has been cloned. Yay!
Component with back reference has been cloned. Yay!
Component with back reference is linked to the clone. Yay!
